MANUFACTURES 


AN  ADDRESS  MADE  BY 

D.  A.  TOMPKINS. 


AT  THE 

FIRST  ANNUAL  DINNER 

OF 


THE  PROGRESSIVE  ASSOCIATION, 

OF 

EDGECOMBE  COUNTY. 

•  • 

HOTEL  FARRAR, 
TARBORO,  NORTH  CAROLINA. 
DECEMBER  28,  1899. 


CHARLOTTE,  N.  C. 

> 

Observer  Printing  and  Publishing  House. 
1900. 


OFFICBRS 


Dr.  L.  L.  Staton,  President, 

E.  E.  Daughtridgk,  Vice-President, 

Frank  Poweee,  Secretary, 

J.  C.  Poweee,  Treasurer. 


COMMITTEE 


Geo.  A.  Hoederness, 
N.  J.  Mayo, 

Jno.  L.  Bridgers, 


A.  M.  Faireey, 
D.  Lichtenstein, 
C.  W.  Jeffreys, 


W.  H.  Poweel,  Jr. 


B.  B.  Howele. 


sys~  i 


Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen  : 

The  lamented  Henry  W.  Grady,  one  time  editor  of 
the  Atlanta  Constitution ,  was  an  earnest  advocate  for  the 
development  of  manufactures.  In  an  argument  on  this 
subject  he  once  recited  a  story  of  what  he  observed  at  the 
funeral  of  a  statesman  in  North  Georgia.  I  will  try  to 
repeat  Mr.  Grady’s  story  from  memory : 

uThe  grave  was  dug  through  solid  marble,  which 
abounds  in  North  Georgia,  but  the  little  marble  stone  left 
standing  to  mark  the  spot  came  from  Vermont.  The  sur¬ 
rounding  slopes  were  fine  grazing  lands,  yet  the  woolen 
shroud  came  from  Boston,  and  the  shoes  from  Eynn.  In 
the  immediate  neighborhood  iron  ore  abounded,  but  the 
pick  and  shovel  came  from  Pittsburg.  The  shirt  came 
from  New  York,  the  coffin  from  Cincinnati,  the  hearse  from 
Chicago,  while  the  only  things  that  Georgia  furnished  for 
that  funeral  was  the  hole  in  the  ground  and  the  corpse.” 

Since  the  day  when  Grady  wrote  and  spoke  an  amaz¬ 
ing  change  has  come  over  the  face  of  North  Georgia  and 
many  parts  of  the  South.  Today  some  ot  the  largest  mar¬ 
ble  quarries  in  the  world  are  in  North  Georgia.  Today  it 
has  come  to  pass  that  the  Carolinas  and  Georgia  make  the 
price  of  cotton  goods  in  China.  Alabama  makes  the  price 
of  pig  iron  in  England.  The  cotton  oil  industry  of  the 
South  makes  the  price  of  lard. 

I  shall  attempt  to  point  out  the  causes  for  the  long 
delay  of  this  dawning  prosperity  and  the  means  for  its 
further  development  and  continuance  : 

It  is  now  more  than  one-third  of  a  century  that  the 
people  of  the  South  have  been  waging  a  fierce  conflict 
with  poverty  and  uncivilizing  influences.  It  is  commonly 
believed  that  the  conditions  which  have  existed  and  the 
hardships  which  our  people  have  endured  because  of 
poverty  and  of  political  disorder  have  been  the  results  of  the 
war.  I  do  not  believe  this  but  I  believe  rather  that  all  of  our 
troubles  are  the  results  of  the  mistake  of  our  fore-fathers  in 


o 


4 


tieing  up  the  fortunes  of  the  South  with  the  institution  of 
slavery.  Before  the  permanent  establishment  of  that  insti¬ 
tution  the  South  was  far  in  the  lead  of  the  other  parts  of 
the  Union  in  manufactures,  in  wealth,  and  in  education. 

I  have  frequently  pointed  out  that  the  census  of  1810 
shows  that  the  manufactured  products  of  Virginia,  the 
Carol inas  and  Georgia  exceeded  in  value  and  variety  those 
of  all  New  England.  That  at  a  later  period  the  South 
Carolina  Railway,  when  it  was  built,  was  one  of  the  most 
important  engineering  enterprises  in  the  world.  That  the 
first  steamship  which  ever  crossed  the  Atlantic  went  out  of 
Savannah.  That  there  was  a  scheme  of  internal  develop¬ 
ment  in  this  State  by  which  an  Atlantic  port  was  to  be 
connected  by  a  continuous  line  of  railway  with  the  great 
West.  That  the  execution  of  these  great  plans  was  well 
under  way  and  their  complete  consummation  was  only 
frustrated  by  the  increasing  influence  of  slavery  in  all  the 
Southern  States. 

Before  the  civil  war  Louisiana  had  five  dollars  for 
every  one  Massachusetts  had  ;  while  now  the  wealth  of 
Massachusetts  exceeds  that  of  all  the  cotton  growing  States 
put  together. 

Dr.  J.  L.  M.  Curry  has  pointed  out  that  even  as  late  as 
i860  the  educational  statistics  of  the  North  and  South  were 
as  follows:  The  North  had  19,000,000  population,  the 
South  8,000,000.  The  North  had  205  colleges,  the  South 
262,  besides  numerous  other  denominational  col¬ 
leges.  The  North  had  1407  professors,  the  South  1488. 
The  North  had  29,044  students,  the  South  27,055.  The 
North  spent  for  colleges,  per  annum,  1,514,688  dollars,  the 
South  spent  1,662,419.  The  North  spent  for  academies 
4,663,749  dollars,  the  South  spent  4,328,127  dollars.  In 
those  days  our  people  spent  two  and  a  half  to  three  times 
more  money  per  capita  for  education  than  our  friends  at  the 
North  did.  In  the  light  of  these  facts  it  becomes  plain 
why  Virginia  and  other  progressive  Southern  States  fur¬ 
nished  the  statesmen  and  the  leaders  of  those  times. 


5 


Going  further,  Dr.  Curry  shows  that  at  the  present  time 
the  following  are  the  figures:  Northern  colleges  have  in 
productive  funds  102,721,451  dollars,  Southern  colleges 
have  15,741,000  dollars.  Northern  school  money  is  prac¬ 
tically  wholly  applicable  to  the  education  of  the  white  or 
wealth-producing  race,  while  the  Southern  school  money 
must  be  divided  with  the  negro,  who  is  in  many  respects,  a 
burden  and  handicap  011  the  South. 

I  cannot  believe  that  the  quarter  century  of  poverty, 
of  dishonesty  in  politics,  of  civil  disorder,  of  murder,  arson 
and  even  rape  could  be  the  consequence  or  a  natural 
sequence  of  the  civil  war. 

The  institution  of  slavery  alone  is,  in  my  judgment, 
responsible  for  the  frightful  calamity  that  the  South  has 
suffered.  While  the  institution  yet  lived  it  bred  strife  and 
estrangement  amongst  people  of  the  same  blood.  The 
civil  war  itself  was  but  an  insignificant  incident  of  its  fall. 
When  the  final  crash  came  it  swept  away  all  property,  it 
carried  down  with  it  the  labor  system  of  the  whole  South, 
it  totally  paralized  for  a  time  the  educational  systems  of 
the  States  in  which  it  had  existed,  and  for  a  long  time  it 
threatened  to  bury  in  its  fall  even  the  social  system  and 
civilization  itself.  It  cannot  be  denied  that  both  these  latter 
were  saved  by  an  enduring  courage  and  steadiness  of  pur¬ 
pose  possessed  only  by  the  sturdiest  elements  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  race.  No  war  could  in  itself  possibly  bring  as  a 
consequence  the  long  continued  disaster  to  any  country 
that  the  South  has  endured  for  more  than  a  generation. 

The  Franco-German  war  was  fierce  and  destructive. 
France  paid  a  fabulous  sum  for  indemnity  and  yet  that 
war  left  no  such  pestilential  anarchy  in  its  wake  as  the 
institution  of  slavery  and  its  abolition  imposed  upon  the 
South. 

By  far  the  strangest  phase  of  all  this  work  of  anarchy 
was  that,  until  a  few  years  ago,  its  agents  had  the  sym¬ 
pathy,  support  and  encouragement  of  the  people  of  our  own 
blood  in  the  North,  without  which  support,  it  could  never 


9 


6 


have  lived  for  an  hour.  There  was  never  one  shadow  of 
doubt  as  to  what  Hampton  and  his  followers  could  have 
done  with  the  ex-slaves  and  the  thieves,  by  whom  they 
were  led  in  South  Carolinain  1876.  It  was  simply  a  ques¬ 
tion  how  their  destructive  work  could  be  stayed  in  a  way 
that  would  not  be  misunderstood  and  misconstrued  by  the 
great  majority  of  our  friends  at  the  North. 

Thank  God,  these  misunderstandings  are  now  past. 
From  the  lips  of  those  who  were  our  former  critics  in  the 
North,  we  now  constantly  hear:  “If  I  lived  South,  I  would 
vote  as  the  Southern  white  man  does  on  local  matters.” 

I  have  no  manner  of  doubt  in  mv  mind  but  that  the 

*  j 

'Kfi  Klux  Clan,  in  its  organization  proper  and  omitting 
unorganized  depredations  and  crutalities,  was  a  beneficent 
-institution  and  that  it  saved  civilization  in  the  south  as  the 
Regulators  did  in  California  and  as  the  Smuglers  saved 
commerce  at  one  time  in  England. 

Perhaps,  after  all,  everything  has  been  for  the  best. 
If  patient  endurance  of  poverty  and  hard  work  are  of  value, 
then  our  people  at  the  South  have  had  an  education  for 
great  things.  In  the  West  Indies  and  in  the  East  Indies, 
the  Nation  is  taking  on  new  duties  and  new  obligations.  It 
is  amongst  her  people  here  in  the  South  that  the  nation 
must  now  find  the  men  schooled  in  enduring  patience  and 
immovable  firmness  in  leading  an  alien  and  inferior  peo¬ 
ple.  It  is  here,  too,  that  all  the  most  favorable  conditions 
exist  for  the  manufacture  of  those  products  most  needed 
by  these  new  people.  With  our  knowledge  of  the  various 
phases  of  humanity,  we  ought  to  be  well  qualified  to 
guide  the  commerce  of  this  Nation  with  all  these  new  terri¬ 
tories. 

After  the  abolition  of  slavery,  those  tremendous 
forces  that  had  been  built  up  and  employed  to  compass 
that  end,  ran  riot  in  damaging  actions  like  a  big  engine 
whose  main  belt  and  governor  belt  might  break  at  the  same 
time,  runs  away,  bursts  the  fly-wheel  and  destroys  itself. 

The  sentiment  for  abolition  was  such  a  tremendous 


t 


force  that  after  abolition,  its  work  being  accomplished, 
it  could  not  be  stayed  or  controlled,  but  expended  it¬ 
self  in  creating  confusion  and  hindering  the  work  of 
re-organization  to  the  injury  of  both  the  white  and  black 
man  at  the  South  and  to  the  injury  of  civilization. 

In  the  past  every  white  man  in  the  South  has  had  to 
hold  one  hand  at  all  times  ready  for  the  defense  of  his 
household  while  the  other  has  been  kept  busy  in  making  a 
scant  support  for  his  people.  Under  less  trying  conditions, 
the  Uatin  race,  the  strong  and  civilizing  white  race  of  two 
centuries  ago,  has  fallen  in  Cuba  and  partially  fallen  in 
all  South  America.  This  fight  of  the  white  people  of  the 
South  for  civilization  has,  because  of  mistaken  convic¬ 
tions,  been  carried  on  without  the  sympathy  or  support  of 
the  white  people  of  the  North,  and  worse  still,  even  against 
the  adverse  influences  of  most  of  the  public  opinion  there. 
It  is  to  the  eternal  credit  of  this  generation  of  South¬ 
ern  white  people  that  they  have  successfully  resisted 
all  degenerating  and  adverse  influences,  and  after  a  cease¬ 
less  conflict  of  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  the  tide  is 
now  well  turned  and  the  work  of  restoring  Anglo-Saxon 
civilization  in  place  of  the  semi-anarchv  that  has  existed,  is 
well  begun. 

These  introductory  remarks  bring  me  to  the  subject 
you  have  assigned  me  : 


MANUFACTURES. 


Reveiwing  the  events  that  succeeded  the  Civil  war 
and  speaking  approximately  and  in  round  numbers  but 
with  sufficient  accuracy  to  illustrate  what  the  general 
results  have  been  we  find:  In  the  first  decade  after  the 
Civil  War  our  people  made  2,500,000  bales  of  cotton  for 
which  they  recieved  24c.  a  pound,  yielding  $300,000,000. 


8 


In  the  second  decade  they  made  5,000,000  bales  for 
which  they  received  12c.  yielding  $300,000,000. 

In  the  third  decade  they  maoe  10,000,000  bales  for 
which  they  received  6c.,  yielding  $300,000,000. 

With  a  largely  increased  population  to  support,  pro¬ 
ducing  four  times  the  cotton  the  same  sum  of  money  must 
never-the-less  suffice  for  the  increased  work,  and  support 
the  increased  number  of  people.  Some  suggest  as  a 
remedy  curtailment  of  production,  thereby  increasing  the 
price.  If  we  attempt  this  we  will,  in  my  judgment,  throw 
the  control  of  cotton  production  into  India  and  Egypt  un¬ 
der  English  direction  and  control.  Even  now,  in  competi¬ 
tion  and  at  the  extremely  low  prices  and  in  the  face  of  our 
enormous  production,  India  is  producing  more  cotton  than 
we  did  twenty  years  ago.  England  is  also  preparing  Egypt 
to  become  a  factor  in  the  production  of  raw  cotton  ;  and  al¬ 
ready  we  are  receiving  Egyptian  cotton  as  an  import  into 
this  country  and  in  sufficient  quantity  to  cause  an  item 
against  it  to  be  proposed  in  the  last  tariff  bill. 

It  is  only  by  wise  legislation  for  the  establishment  of 
Agricultural  Colleges,  boards  of  fertilizer  control,  experi¬ 
ment  stations  and  other  similar  protective  measures  that 
our  people  have  been  able  to  continue  at  all  the  practical 
control  of  the  production  of  cotton  in  competition  with 
the  increasing  efforts  of  the  other  cotton-growing  countries 
of  the  world.  Protection  to  our  cotton  farmers  by  means 
of  Agricultural  Colleges,  experiment  stations  and  other 
similar  measures  has  well  nigh  reached  the  limit  of 
its  developement.  If  by  further  perfecting  all  the  measures 
heretofore  utilized  to  help  the  farmer  we  could  bring  about 
an  economy  of  one  cent  a  pound  reduction,  this  would 
amount  to  $5.00  a  bale  or  $50,000,000  on  a  crop  of  10,000- 
000  bales.  That  would  be  a  valuable  saving,  of  course,  and 
would  be  a  big  help  to  a  poor  people. 

But  let  us  see  what  can  be  done  at  the  other  end  of 
the  problem.  Suppose  we  don’t  sell  the  raw  cotton,  but 
turn  it  into  plain  white  or  colored  cloth.  This  cloth 


9 


should  bring  an  average  of  20c.  a  pound.  At  this  value 
the  entire  crop  would  be  worth  one  billion  dollars.  There 
fore,  by  the  very  best  possible  economies  we  could  hope  to 
develope,  we  may  become  able  to  save  $50,000,000  out  of 
the  cost  of  production. 

By  the  manufacture  of  the  crop  into  the  plainest  pro¬ 
duction  in  cloth  we  can  increase  its  value  from  $300,000,- 
000  to  $1,000,000,000,  or  make  a  profit  of  $700,000,000.00; 
being  more  than  200  per  cent,  advance  on  the  value  now 
obtained  out  of  the  cotton  crop. 

Out  of  one  billion  dollars  which  we  would  get  for  the 
cotton  crop,  the  farmer  would  get  something  more  for  his  cot¬ 
ton  than  $300,000,000  which  he  got  before.  The  proxim¬ 
ity  of  the  factory  always  gives  a  little  advance  to  the  local 
price.  The  farmers  would  also  get  about  $300,000,000 
more  for  the  food  stuffs  consumed  by  the  factory  people. 
This  would  give  to  the  farmer  $600,000,000  where  he  now 
gets  $300,000,000.  It  would  thus  improve  the  condition 
of  his  sons  and  daughters  who  stay  on  the  farm.  It  would 
also  improve  the  condition  of  the  other  son  and  daughter 
who  preferred  factory  work  to  farm  work. 

By  virtue  of  this  increased  income  for  the  perishable 
products  of  the  farms,  not  otherwise  of  value,  it  would  per¬ 
petuate  his  control  of  the  production  of  cotton  which 
India,  Egypt  and  South  America  are  now  threatening. 

After  turning  over  to  the  farmer  $300,000,000  for  his 
cotton  and  then  $300,000,000  more  for  food  stuffs  there 
would  still  be  left  say  $100,000,000  for  the  merchants, 
$100,000,000  for  the  doctors  and  lawyers,  $100,000,000  for 
the  stock  holders  and  $100,000,000  for  general  expendi¬ 
ture. 

In  the  manufacture  of  iron  the  story  is  the  same.  Out 
of  the  ore,  the  coal,  the  limestone  and  the  labor  comes  the 
product  that  can  be  sent  abroad  to  fetch  back  the  money 
from  the  strangers. 

In  cotton  oil  we  have  again  the  same  alluring  results. 

In  lumber  the  story  still  again  repeats  itself. 

But  have  we  got  the  people? 


10 


England  has  a  population  of  approximately  forty  mil¬ 
lion  people.  She  operates  forty-six  million  cotton  spindles. 
This  is  more  than  one  spindle  for  each  inhabitant.  We 
have  in  the  South  approximately  twelve  million  white 
people.  We  operate  now  five  million  spindles.  England 
has  probably  as  many  spindles  on  wool  as  on  cotton.  We 
have  in  the  South  very  few  spindles  on  wool. 

In  North  Carolina  we  spin  about  300,000  bales  of  cot¬ 
ton  and  employ  about  30,000  people  in  doing  it.  This  is 
one  person  for  each  ten  bales  of  cotton.  On  this  basis 
1,000,000  operatives  could  spin  and  weave  the  entire  crop 
into  coarse  goods — the  goods  we  now  make  in  North 
Carolina. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  Republic  your  ancestors  man¬ 
ufactured  with  eminent  success.  Nearly  a  century  ago 
there  was  an  iron  works  where  the  Henrietta  cotton  mill 
now  is.  There  was  a  cotton  factory  where  the  new  Rocky 
Mount  mill  now  is.  I  have  at  home  a  copy  of  a  contract 
in  accordance  with  which  the  complete  machinery  for  the 
equipment  of  a  mill  was  built  near  Rincolnton  in  this  State 
in  1813.  Throughout  the  upper  part  of  South  Carolina, 
and  in  the  middle  part  of  North  Carolina  there  are  abund¬ 
ant  evidences  that  these  States  enjoyed  a  system  of  well- 
developed  and  profitable  manufactures. 

Throughout  the  Southern  States  as  they  then  existed, 
there  are  abundant  evidences  that  the  South  at  one  time 
enjoyed  a  system  of  well  developed  and  profitable  manu¬ 
factures.  The  Southern  statesmen  of  that  time  were  all 
advocates  of  manufactures  from  Washington  down — and 
most  of  them  were  protectionists  too. 

That  early  and  profitable  development  was  all  lost 
because  of  slavery.  As  this  institution  grew,  all  the  other 
developments  made  by  your  ancestors  shrunk  away  and 
dried  up.  There  were  those  who  saw  the  impending  dan¬ 
ger  and  fought  against  it,  as  did  Mr.  Jas.  Smyly  and  Wm. 
Gregg  of  South  Carolina,  and  John  M.  Morehead  in  this 
state,  but  the  opposition  was  to  no  purpose.  Slavery  de- 


11 


stroyed  the  manufacturing-  interests  of  the  south  and  then 
itself  fell  to  pieces  as  is  usual  with  destoying  influences. 
In  its  fall  it  swept  away  the  wealth  of  the  south.  It  com¬ 
pletely  destroyed  the  labor  system  of  the  south.  For  nearly 
a  generation  the  black  and  devastating  ruin  threatened  the 
social  system  of  the  south,  which  meant  civilization  itself. 
Never  did  a  coming  generation  owe  to  a  going  one  the 
debt  of  gratitude  that  the  youth  of  the  south  of  this  day 
owe  to  their  parents  who  brought  through  this  period  the 
civilization  of  their  ancestors  and  preserved  it  from  seri¬ 
ous  degeneration. 

We  have  the  raw  inaterals  and  the  labor.  Our  late 
efforts  have  brought  more  than  satisfactory  results  in  every 
case  where  manufacturing  has  been  undertaken.  I  am  now 
brought  in  my  discourse  to  a  discussion  of  the  means  by 
which  our  manufacturing  interests  may  be  further  safely 
and  profitably  developed.  I  have  already  attempted  to  show 
that  such  further  development  would  not  only  be  profitable 
in  itself,  but  that  it  would  redeem  our  depressed  agricul¬ 
tural  interests  and  perpetuate  for  our  country  the  control 
of  cotton  production  for  the  future  as  in  the  past. 

The  means  that  appear  to  me  essential  are, 

1.  Education. 

2.  Transportation  facilities. 

3.  Markets. 

4.  Banking  facilities. 

I  will  discuss  these  briefly  in  the  order  named. 


EDUCATION. 


There  is  a  certain  degree  of  education  that  comes  to 
all  people  by  virtue  of  being  brought  up  in  a  civilized  com¬ 
munity.  With  such  a  very  limited  general  education,  ac¬ 
quired  chiefly  by  contact,  our  people  are  able  to  spin  and 
weave  cotton  into  the  simplest  and  plainest  fabrics.  These 


12 


fabrics  are  used  for  the  commonest  purposes  at  home  and 
to  sell  abroad  for  similar  use  in  semi-civilized  countries  or  to 
semi-civilized  people  who  connot  even  do  with  reasonable 
economy  the  simplest  operations  of  spinning  and  weaving. 

I  have  shown  to  what  extent  we  may  increase  the 
value  of  raw  cotton  by  means  of  the  simplest  forms  of  its 
manufacture  into  cloth.  I  wish  to  undertake  to  show  now, 
how,  with  fuller  knowledge  and  better  skill  we  may  still 
further  increase  the  value.  Estimating  the  crop  of  North 
Carolina  at  500,000  bales,  this  as  raw  cotton  at  6  cents 
would  yield  $15,000,000.00;  as  plain  white  cloth  at  18 
cents  would  yield  $45,000,000.00 ;  as  checks  and  plaids  at 
24  cents  would  yield  $60,000,000.00. 

The  people  of  the  state  are  as  a  matter  of  fact  now 
utilizing -300,000  bales  and  making  a  product  which  Mr. 
Wm.  Entwistle,  of  Rockingham,  says  will  average  20  cents 
a  pound,  which  would  yield  $50,000,000.00  for  three-fifths 
of  the  crop. 

A. 

But  these  values  are  by  no  means  the  limit  of  what 
may  be  brought  to  the  raw  cotton  with  increased  knowledge 
and  skill. 

This  same  cotton  turned -into  a  fancy  gingham  or  good 
quality  of  outing  cloth  would  bring  36  cents  a  pound  and 
would  yield  $90,000,000.00. 

If  made  into  a  fine  dress  gingham  like  Toile  de  Nord, 
made  by  my  friend  Mr.  A.  H.  Rowe  at  Fitchburg,  Mass., 
it  would  bring  60  cents  a  pound,  which  would  yield  $150,- 
000,000.00. 

Taking  now  some  French  mull  or  some  mercerized 
cotton  stuffs  we  find  these  bringing  in  the  market  $1.20  a 
pound,  which  would  yield  $300,000,000.00. 

In  this  shape  it  may  be  seen  that  the  cotton  crop  of 
North  Carolina  would  bring  as  much  money  as  the  entire 
crop  of  the  south  now  brings.  These  cloths  are  not  so 
very  fine  and  it  would  require  but  a  little  step  forward  in 
education  for  our  people  to  become  qualified  to  make  it. 

But  this  is  by  no  means  the  limit.  Take  some  BArench 


13 


nainsook,  we  find  some  of  it  selling  in  the  stores  at  $6.00  a 
pound.  If  manufactured  into  this  stnff  the  value  of  the 
North  Carolina  crop  would  go  to  the  amazing  sum  of 
$L500>000>000-00-  And  yet  even  this  is  by  no  means  the 
limit.  I  exhibit  a  piece  of  swiss  embroidery,  the 
value  of  which  goes  to  $24.00  a  pound,  at  which  the  North 
Carolina  crop  would  yield  $6,000,000,000.00,  a  sum  that  is 
inconceivable,  beside  the  paltry  15,000,000  dollars  which 
is  the  value  of  our  raw  cotton. 

This  exhibit  and  the  resulting  figures  could  even  be 
carried  farther,  but  what’s  the  use?  It  has  long  since  be¬ 
come  plain  to  me  that  North  Carolina  could  well  afford  to  is¬ 
sue  a  half  million  dollars  in  bonds  to  be  expended  in  textile 
education  with  absolute  certainty  that  inside  of  ten  years 
it  would  enhance  the  value  of  North  Carolina  cotton  twenty 
million  dollars  a  year  over  and  above  what  it  now  brings. 
Look  at  the  tonnage  of  France’s  export.  It  is  one  of  the 
richest  countries  in  the  world,  and  yet  her  export  tonnage  is 
very  small.  Her  principal  exports  are  composed  of  a 
very  small  proportion  of  raw  material  and  a  very  large 
proportion  of  knowledge  and  skill.  The  Frenchman  has 
not  the  endurance  or  staying  qnality  of  the  Anglo-Saxon, 
but  if  he  was  not  quicker  and  better  educated  for  work  he 
would  starve  to  death. 


TRANSPORTATION. 


It  would  be  useless  to  make  goods  without  the  means 
for  their  economic  distribution.  The  Scientific  American 
has  lately  published  some  comparative  statistics  showing 
that  by  means  of  railroads  the  United  States  handles 
annually  more  than  900,000,000  tons  of  freight.  Great 
Britain  handles  about  half  as  much.  Germany  about  one 
quarter.  France  about  one  eighth  and  Russia  about  one 
tenth.  Our  domestic  market  is  the  best  market  in  the 


14 


world.  This  condition  is  largely  the  result  of  our  trans¬ 
portation  facilities.  We  have  more  railroad  mileage  than 
that  of  all  the  rest  of  the  world  put  together.  We  handle 
about  as  much  freight  as  England,  Germany,  France  and 
Russia  do  all  together. 

How  did  we  get  this  system  of  railroads  ?  I  answer 
by  means  of  subsidies.  The  National  Government  itself 
has  extended  vital  aid  in  the  construction  of  our  trans-con¬ 
tinental  lines  of  railway.  Amongst  the  States,  cities, 
towns,  counties  and  even  townships  those  would  be  rare 
indeed  that  have  not  contributed  aid  to  one  or  more  rail¬ 
roads  either  by  voting  bonds  to  be  exchanged  for  stock 
or  by  guaranteeing  railroad  bonds.  There  have  been  land 
grants,  grants  to  railroads  for  the  use  of  whole  streets  and 
in  every  other  way  possible  to  imagine,  subsidies  have  been 
given,  and  freely  given  to  railroads.  It  has  been  argued 
in  opposition  in  many  instances  that  the  stock  for  the  pro¬ 
posed  issue  of  bonds  would  be  worthless.  The  good  citizen 
has  invariably  answered — “well  if  we  get  the  railroad  I’m 
willing  to  lose  the  stock  if  necessary”.  I  doubt  if  a  state, 
city  or  county  could  be  found  that  would  be  willing  to  take 
back  its  lost  money — its  subsidy  money,  and  give  up  the 
railroads  which  this  money  helped  to  build. 

If  a  good  line  of  railway  was  proposed  to-day  which 
could  be  brought  to  Tarborro  for  $25,000  or  failing  in  this 
subsidy,  pass  six  miles  to  the  west  of  your  city  you  would 
with  absolute  certainty  raise  the  money.  Yon  know  you 
would. 

Both  the  South  and  West  are  peculiarly  enterprising 
in  this  matter  of  domestic  transportation  facilities. 

Both  the  Sonth  and  West  are  urgently  in  need  of  for¬ 
eign  markets.  Yet  lavish  as  they  are  in  expenditures  for 
domestic  transportation  facilities,  if  the  subject  of  a  little 
aid  is  mentioned  for  a  steamship  line  to  facilitate  the  expor¬ 
tation  of  cloth  made  here  in  your  Tarborro  mills,  or  cotton 
made  in  Texas  or  flour  from  wheat  made  in  Dakota,  the 
North  Carolinian,  the  Texan  and  the  Dakotan  immedi- 


15 


ately  takes  a  fit.  Republicans  and  Democrats  alike  forget 
the  interests  of  the  people,  and  consider  it  necessary  to  sac¬ 
rifice  all  else  to,  or  what  they  conceive  to  be  party  loyalty. 
Can  it  be  party  loyalty  to  wage  a  war  of  politics  in  the 
pursuit  of  office  and  regardless  of  the  welfare  of  all  the 
people? 

Ever  since  the  Civil  war,  the  South  has  been  in  a 
defensive  attitude.  Her  representatives  have  been  apolo¬ 
gists.  More  or  less  of  this  situation  has  been  a  result  of 
the  calamity  which  slavery,  not  the  Civil  war,  brought. 
The  first  man  ever  to  take  an  aggressive  stand  in  Post 
Bellum  times  was  Henry  W.  Grady,  who  pointed  out  in 
his  Boston  speech,  upon  the  subject  of  the  race  problem, 
that  while  New  England  was  demanding  of  the  South  a 
solution  of  this  problem  with  an  intolerance  that  forbade 
argument,  and  with  an  impatience  that  brooked  no  delay, 
yet  the  people  of  New  England  were  taking  no  practical 
hand  in  the  solution.  As  long  as  the  race  problem  was  the 
whole  of  our  politics,  this  defensive  attitude  of  our  repre¬ 
sentatives  was  unavoidable.  But  now  that  it  is  practically 
past  it  behooves  us  to  give  at  once  earnest  attention  to  the 
requirements  of  our  material  interests.  These  interests 
are  largely  in  our  growing  manufactures.  We  make  here 
in  the  South  cotton,  cotton  cloth,  cotton  oil,  cotton  seed 
meal,  pig  iron,  lumber,  flour  and  numerons  other  pro¬ 
ducts  that  must  find  export  markets.  On  these  questions 
our  interests  are  common  with  those  of  the  people  of  the 
rest  of  the  United  States. 

We  have  now  reached  the  condition  where  we  make 
more  manufactured  products  than  our  home  markets  will 
take.  England  and  Germany  are  willing  enough  to  send 
here  their  subsidized  ships  to  take  away  our  raw  cotton 
but  not  our  cotton  cloth;  to  bring  us  pig  iron  but  not  to 
take  pig  iron  away.  We  must  find  the  ultimate  markets 
for  these  products  ourselves,  and  we  must  establish  ship 
lines  to  reach  them.  I  am  in  favor  of  whatever  expendi¬ 
ture  is  necessary  to  create  and  maintain  as  good  transpor- 


16 


tation  facilities  on  the  seas  as  we  have  on  the  land.  We 
have  the  best  in  the  world  on  land,  and  the  best  home 
markets  as  a  consequence.  What  we  have  on  the  seas  is 
hardly  worth  mentioning,  and  our  foreign  trade  is  propor¬ 
tionately  small.  Of  64,000,000  dollars  worth  of  cotton 
goods  going  into  China  a  few  years  ago  the  U.  S.  put 
there  6,000,000  dollars  worth  only. 

I  favor  an  Isthmian  ship  canal  to  be  built  and  owned 
by  the  general  government. 

I  favor  a  cable  across  the  Pacific  to  be  laid  by  the  gen¬ 
eral  government  and  to  be  owned  and  operated  by  the  gov¬ 
ernment. 

These  are  facilities  that  are  essential  to  our  manufac¬ 
turing  growth.  Manufactures  are  absolutely  necessary 
for  the  revival  of  profitable  Agriculture  and  the  reconstruc¬ 
tion  of  the  fallen  fortunes  of  our  fathers.  We  can  no 
more  handle  export  trade  withont  transportation  facilities 
than  we  can  prosper  at  home  without  them,  and  everybody 
knows  that  a  town  without  a  railroad  is  dead  till  it  gets 
one. 


MARKETS. 


For  raw  cotton  at  6cts  a  pound  England  and  Germany 
are  as  good  markets  as  we  could  desire.  When  we  needed 
pig  iron  and  cotton  ties  they  were  delighted  to  send  these 
here  in  exchange  for  our  cotton,  using  their  ships  for  all 
the  transportation. 

But  if  we  prosper  we  must  turn  our  cotton  into  cloth 
and  get  20cts  a  pound  instead  of  6cts  and  we  have  com¬ 
menced  to  do  it.  We  must  stop  buying  pig  iron  and  make 
all  we  need  with  a  surplus  for  export,  and  we  are  already 
doing  this.  We  must  seek,  develop  and  protect  markets 
for  cotton  oil,  wheat  and  flour,  lumber  and  its  products. 


What  I  say  about  all  these,  applies  as  much  to  New  Eng¬ 
land  and  the  North  West  as  to  the  South. 

Indeed  in  all  that  I  say  at  all  times  I  seek  for  the 
establishment  of  no  policy  for  sectional  advantage.  I  seek 
rather  to  find  out  and  exhibit  those  policies  which  are  for 
the  best  interests  alike  of  all  the  people  of  this  country 
and  of  the  countries  we  would  deal  with. 

If  we  co-operate  in  the  development  of  manufactures 
and  the  fostering  surrounding  conditions,  there  is  no  such 
thing  as  competition  between  New  England  and  the  South. 

I  believe  that  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  by  Jefferson 
was  a  wise  and  beneficent  action.  The  forebodings  of 
evil  which  were  made  as  arguments  against  the  action  have 
not  come  to  pass. 

I  believe  that  the  annexation  of  Texas  was  equally 
wise  and  beneficent,  and  the  forebodings  of  evil  in  that 
case  have  failed  also. 

The  acquisitions  of  Florida  from  Spain,  of  the  South 
Pacific  territory  from  Mexico,  of  Alaska  from  Russia,  have 
all  been  advantageous  to  us  and  to  the  populations  that 
came  under  our  control  with  or  without  their  own  consent, 
and  the  greater  advantage  has  in  each  case  been  to  the 
people  of  the  acquired  territory.  We  have  in  each  case 
given  them  law  and  order  and  guaranteed  for  them  the 
security  of  life,  liberty  and  property.  We  have  furnished 
them  systems  of  education,  and  in  infinite  ways  hastened 
them  forward  in  the  path  of  civilization  to  their  advantage. 

The  policy  of  our  country,  since  its  foundation  has 
been,  above  that  of  all  other  countries,  one  of  expansion. 
It  seems  to  be  settled  that  we  already  have  Porto  Rico  and 
Hawaii.  I  believe  that  Cuba  will  come  to  us  in  the  nat¬ 
ural  course  of  events  by  annexation. 

I  favor  keeping  the  Philippines.  Considering  mod¬ 
ern  facilities,  the  Philippines  are  more  accessible  to  us  now 
than  California  was  when  we  acquired  it.  They  are  as 
accessible  now  as  Alaska  is  now,  and  yet  who  would  pro¬ 
pose  to  give  up  Alaska.  Their  value  in  trade  far  surpasses 


18 


♦ 


that  of  Alaska,  and  our  opportunity  for  the  extension  of 
Christian  civilization  is  greater  there  than  in  Alaska. 

The  possession  of  the  Philippines  is  important  to  us 
for  another  reason.  There  are  said  to  be  800,000,000  peo¬ 
ple  in  the  country  known  as  the  Orient.  Christian  civili¬ 
zation  is  beginning  to  reach  these  people.  Our  churches 
have  for  years  kept  missionaries  amongst  them. 
The  works  of  these  missionaries  are  now  beginning  to 
bring  some  of  the  results  that  their  supporters  here  at 
home  have  hoped  for.  Can  we  refuse  now  to  go  ahead 
with  the  civilizing  work  that  has  been  begun.  We  will  of 
necessity  have  increasing  duties  and  interests  in  China. 
For  the  advantage  of  our  people  at  home  in  their  trade 
with  China,  and  for  the  advancement  of  the  work  of  our 
Christian  missionaries  we  should  insist  upon  the  preserva¬ 
tion  of  our  treaty  rights  with  China,  and  resist  the  partition 
of  that  Empire.  Our  dnty  and  our  interests  lie  together 
in  these  matters.  I  believe  that  Democrats  and  Republi¬ 
cans  alike  ought  to  demand  of,  and  support  our  govern¬ 
ment  in  a  vigorous  prosecution  of  all  measures  looking  to 
the  protection  and  extension  of  our  interests  in  what  was 
once  the  old  far  East  or  what  is  now  our  new  far  West. 


BANKING- 


Once  upon  a  time  Mr.  Henry  Waterson  was  called 
upon  to  speak  to  a  Scotch-Irish  Society.  He  said  in  effect: 

“We  have  heard  from  the  North-East  for  more  than  a 
century,  a  clamorous  claim  about  how  it  was  the  Puritan 
who  founded  this  Government  and  had  guided  its 
affairs  and  kept  it  straight  ever  since.  We  have  heard  an 
equally  noisy  clamor  from  the  South-East  about  how  the 
Cavalier  founded  it  and  how  he  has  been  keeping  it  going 
since.  Now  as  a  matter  of  truthful  history  and  fact,” 


19 


said  Mr.  Waterson,  “and  just  among  us  Scotch-Irish  here, 
I  want  to  tell  you  all  that  neither  one  of  these  clamorous 
sets  of  people  had  a  thing  to  do  with  it.  We  Scotch-Irish 
did  the  whole  thing  from  beginning  to  end,  and  if  we  had 
not  been  mighty  shifty  fellows  the  Puritans  and  Cavaliers 
would  have  separately  or  together  ruined  the  whole 
business  a  dozen  times.” 

I  think  very  much  the  same  way  about  the  partisans 
of  silver  and  gold.  Let  the  gold  men  or  the  silver  men 
have  their  way  and  the  country  gets  no  relief  that  makes 
farming,  manufacturing  or  merchandizing  easier.  The 
reason  for  this  is  that  our  difficulty  in  banking  is  not  one 
of  a  standard  of  values.  The  standard  of  values  is  very 
much  like  the  standard  of  measures, which  is  totally  one  of 
convenience.  We  may  legally  have  a  yard  stick,  or  a  metre 
or  make  both  legal.  Indeed,  I  think  both  are  legal  in  this 
country,  but  by  common  consent  the  people  stick  to  the  old 
yardstick.  I  prefer  the  metre,  but  I  get  along  very  well 
with  the  yard  stick. 

The  fault  of  our  currency  system  is  in  its  inflexible 
character.  We  have  ample  money  and  assets  to  do  busi¬ 
ness  on  either  a  gold  or  silver  basis.  But  the  connection 
between  the  two  is  brittle  and  in  elastic.  For  deposit  and 
discount  our  National  Banking  system  is  as  good  as  could 
be  desired.  The  issue  feature  is  practically  dead. 

This  was  not  the  case  when  government  bonds  were 
cheap  and  the  interest  high.  It  is  the  case  with  high 
priced  bonds  and  cheap  interest. 

The  remedy  lies  in  totally  abolishing  bonds  as  a  basis 
of  bank  note  issue  and  substituting,  the  assets  of  the  bank. 
This  would  be  the  old  State  banking  plan  made  National. 
It  is  the  plan  followed  in  Canada,  and  Canada  is  conspicu¬ 
ously  free  from  the  sharp  turns  in  the  money  market  that 
is  constantly  pinching  New  York  and  the  rest  of  the 
country,  and  is  also  conspicuously  prosperous  to  resources. 

It  is  a  plan  followed  in  Scotland,  and  much  of  the  pros¬ 
perity  of  that  country  is  attributable  to  the  fact  that  the 


20 


Scotch  banks  re-discount  their  own  paper  by  issuing  bank 
notes  on  their  assets,  instead  of  taking  these  best  assets 
down  to  London  for  re-discount  at  the  bank  of  England. 
Even  the  bank  of  England  when  pressed  goes  to  the  bank 
of  France,  which  is  one  having  the  right  of  unlimited 
note  issue  on  its  assets. 

If  we  have  assets  that  are  good  enough  to  secure  re¬ 
discounts  in  the  money  centres,  these  same  assets  ought 
to  be  good  enough  to  secure  bank  notes  at  home. 

Very  little  change  in  our  National  banking  system 
would  be  necessary,  to  my  mind,  to  overcome  all  our  cur¬ 
rency  difficulties.  These  overcome,  our  manufacturing 
interests  would  stand  upon  an  infinitely  firmer  basis. 

The  changes  should  be  as  follows: 

First.  Repeal  the  requirement  of  bonds  for  note  issue 
and  substitute  the  assets  of  the  bank. 

Second.  In  return  for  the  one  per  cent,  tax,  let  the 
Government  guarantee  all  notes. 

Third.  Increase  the  minimum  capital  to  $100,000.00. 

I  am  aware  that  there  are  those  who  think  that  this 
would  lead  to  “wild  cat”  money.  It  has  not  done  so  in 
Canada  nor  France  or  Scotland. 

The  defects  of  the  old  State  systems  would  be  easily 
and  totally  avoided.  Indeed  they  would  be  avoided  with 
the  present  national  banking  system  modified  as  indicated. 

The  Government  guarantee  would  make  the  notes  as 
good  as  the  government  itself,  while  the  tax  of  1  per  cent, 
on  money  issued  would  yield  a  sum  ten  to  twenty  times  in 
excess  of  any  possible  payments  that  would  have  to  be 
made  on  account  of  redemption  of  notes  of  broken  banks. 

In  Canada  the  government  does  not  guarantee,  but  col¬ 
lects  from  the  banks  a  guarantee  fund  to  secure  redemption 
of  notes.  There  is  no  objection  to  this  plan.  Our  friends 
at  the  North  I  think  totally  mistake  the  requirements  of 
the  South  and  West  in  this  matter  of  banking. 

It  is  not  better  banks  we  need,  but  the  right  to  use 
our  home  assets  for  bankable  purposes  at  home. 


In  a  bill  now  under  serious  consideration  in  Congress 
it  is  proposed  to  reduce  the  limit  of  capital  for  a  national 
bank  to  twenty  or  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  under  cer¬ 
tain  conditions.  This  is  to  my  mind,  useless  and  necessarily 
means  a  high  rate  of  interest  to  the  people  served  by  these 
little  banks.  The  South  and  West  is  now  full  of  so-called 
State  banks  having  capital  in  excess  of  the  national  require¬ 
ment.  For  discount  and  deposit  they  can  do  business 
quite  as  well  as  though  they  were  operating  under  a 
national  charter,  while  for  NOTE  ISSUE  they  couldn’t  afford 
it  under  a  national  charter.  I  should  increase  rather  than 
reduce  the  minimum  capital. 

The  right  of  NOTE  ISSUE  up  to  ioo  per  cent,  the  par 
value  of  the  bonds,  is  a  help  to  the  banks,  but  in  no  way 
helps  to  prevent  periodic  squeezes  in  the  money  markets. 

It  brings  no. elastic  feature  into  the  system.  The  clear¬ 
ing-house  ceitificates  issued  from  time  to  time  in  New 
York  is  the  only  feature  of  elasticity  now  in  our  system, 
and  that  is  of  questionable  legality. 

This  subject  is  even  more  important  to  the  banks  in 
the  money  centres  than  it  is  to  the  provincial  or  country 
banks. 

The  present  system  is  a  good  one  for  the  banks  in 
driving  a  more  profitable  bargain  with  its  customers,  espe¬ 
cially  when  money  is  a  little  tight,  but  it  is  a  system  that 
is  dangerous  to  the  banks  and  in  every  squeeze  some  of  the 
banks  go  down. 

No  business  can  be  comfortably  done  with  a  feeling  of 
uneasiness  about  money  all  the  time.  It  is  unjust  that 
home  assets  should  have  no  value  at  home  as  a  basis  for 
banking,  and  that  the  very  best  assets  of  every  community 
must  be  carried  from  ioo  to  1,000  miles  away  from  home 
to  bank  on  for  ordinary  home  purposes.  Besides  the  oppor¬ 
tunity  it  furnishes  for  high  interest  the  very  cost  of  travel 
and  exchange  is  a  burden  on  all  industrious  agricultural 
and  manufacturing  people. 


2 2 


CONCLUSION. 

As  long  as  there  is  any  question  in  the  South  as  to 
race  supremacy,  our  duty  lies  first  in  saving  for  each  State 
Anglo-Saxon  control.  That  being  accomplished,  and  I 
believe  it  is  now  practically  so,  then  we  must  speak  out 
plainly  on  all  these  economic  questions  so  that  the  repre¬ 
sentatives  in  our  legislatures  and  in  Congress  may  be  fully 
apprised  of  our  sentiments  and  our  requirements.  I  have 
been  surprised  to  find  in  the  South-western  States  a  strong 
sentiment  in  favor  of  developing  trade  relations  with  the 
Orient,  a  sentiment  in  favor  of  expansion,  all  combined 
with  some  feeling  that  party  loyalty  required  silence  in  the 
matter.  I  believe  in  no  such  methods.  I  believe  rather 
that  the  people  should  speak  out  upon  the  subject  of 
their  interests,  and  that  a  frank  expression  of  honest 
views  is  for  the  best  interests  of  any  party  that  is  worthy 
of  governing  a  great  people. 

We  have  happily  now  reached  that  time  when  the 
negro  has  come  to  the  relization  of  the  knowledge  that  the 
white  people  about  his  home  are  his  best  friends,  and 
when  the  people  of  the  north  realize  that  an  excess  of  zeal 
in  the  cause  of  freedom  to  do  idjury,  we  are  now  all  free 
in  the  soute,  free  to  enter  upon  manufacturing  enterprises 
and  help  to  develop  Ametican  resources  and  promote 
American  civilization. 

It  has  come  to  pass  that  for  the  southern  white  man 
the  year  of  jubilee  is  come. 

Mr.  Chairman  and  gentlemen  I  thank  you  for  your 
invitation  and  your  kind  attention. 


Cotton  Mill  Processes  and 

Calculations 

Bv  D.  A.  TOMPKINS,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 

«  — - 

This  is  a  book  for  the  cotton  mill  superintendent,  the  over¬ 
seer  and  the  ambitious  operative,  and  for  the  student. 

OVER  300  PAGES. 

OVER  50  ORIGINAL  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

FULL  SET  OF  NEW  PRODUCTION  TABLES. 

Every  machine  is  fully  described  and  illustrated  in  detail. 
The  calculations  are  all  simplified. 

Cloth  8-V0. 

Price  $5.00,  Postage  paid. 

Order  from  D.  A.  TOMPKINS,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 


Cotton  Mill ,  Commercial  Features 

By  D.  A.  TOMPKINS,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 


This  is  a  book  for  the  prospective  investor.  It  discusses  in 
detail  all  the  points  that  are  raised  in  organizing  a  new  mill. 
It  shows  the  cost  of  mills  of  various  kinds.  It  elaborates 
the  plans  for  organizing  companies  and  for  raising  capital. 
It  shows  how  to  keep  mill  accounts  and  reports.  It  shows 
cost  of  production  for  all  the  common  kinds  of  goods 
manufactured  in  the  South.  It  shows  how  goods  are  sold 
by  the  mills.  It  gives  advice  about  location  and  surround¬ 
ings.  It  discusses  textile  education,  and  shows  how  a  young 
man  should  proceed  to  learn  the  cotton  mill  business.  It  is 
profusely  illustrated  with  original  drawings  and  fine  half¬ 
tones  made  expressly  for  this  work. 

Cloth  8-V0. 

Price  $5.00,  Postage  paid. 

Order  from  D.  A.  TOMPKINS,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 


Cotton  and  Cotton  Oil 

By  D.  A.  TOMPKINS,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 


NOW  IN  COURSE  OF  PREPARATION. 

ABOUT  200  PAGES. 

ABOUT  50  ENGRAVINGS. 

This  is  a  book  for  both  the  investor  and  the  practical  man. 
It  treats  the  subject  from  both  a  business  and  a  technical  stand¬ 
point. 

It  is  a  full  description  of  American  methods  of  oil  manu- 
facturein  detail,  including  refining.  It  also  treats  of  the  uses 
of  the  by-products.  It  treats  of  allied  industries,  such  as  fer¬ 
tilizers  and  their  uses.  It  describes  cotton  culture  as  practiced 
in  America.  It  contains  a  new  history  of  the  cotton  gin,  com¬ 
piled  from  original  sources  hitherto  unexplored.  It  describes 
in  full  all  the  methods  of  ginning,  baling  and  marketing  cot¬ 
ton,  including  all  the  round  bale  methods. 

Cloth  8-V0. 

Price  $5.00,  Postage  paid. 

Order  from  D.  A.  TOHPKINS,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 


American  Commercey  Its  Expansion 

By.  D.  A.  TOMPKINS,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 


A  collection  of  pamphlets  and  addresses  on  various  subjects 
relating  to  the  material  welfare  of  the  industrial  world. 

It  points  the  way  toward  enlarging  our  commerce  with  for¬ 
eign  nations,  and  shows  howto  sustain  the  work. 

100  Pages,  8-V0. 

Paper  50  cents.  Cloth  75  cents. 

Order  from  D.  A.  Tompkins,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 


Our  Machine  Shops. 

The  D.  A.  TOMPKINS  CO.,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 


We  have  one  of  the  best  equipped  machine  shops  in  the 
South.  It  is  a  shop  which  has  grown  up  with  the  cotton  mill 
industry  of  the  South — making  cotton  mill  machinery  and 
repairing  it.  Also  making  oil  mill  machinery  and  repairing 
it.  Hence  it  is  a  shop  having  the  most  intimate  possible  rela¬ 
tions  with  the  business  and  having  the  best  facilities  for  this 
particular  work.  We  do  not  know  of  any  one  shop  in  America 
that  builds  a  complete  equipment  for  a  cotton  mill  or  an  oil 
mill. 

FOR  COTTON  MILT  EQUIPMENT. 

We  build  reels,  spoolers,  starch  kettles,  drawing  in  frames, 
electric  switch  boards,  steam  traps,  band  machines,  doffer 
boxes,  slasher  beams,  beam  trucks,  etc. 

FOR  COTTON  MILL  REPAIRS. 

We  cut  gears,  cover  rolls,  rebore  Corliss  Engine  cylinders 
and  valves,  and  we  do  other  engine  repairs.  We  indicate  and 
report  on  engines  and  their  fuel  economy.  We  repair  dyna¬ 
mos.  We  make  new  steel  fluted  rolls.  We  reflute  and  reneck 
old  ones.  We  true  up  and  reclothe  top  flats  for  cards.  We 
overhaul  and  put  in  order  any  machine  in  a  cotton  mill. 

FOR  OIL  MILL  EQUIPMENT. 

We  build  sand  and  boll  separating  screens,  huller  feeders, 
cake  crackers,  separating  screens  (meat  from  hulls),  steam 
traps  (guaranteed  to  keep  heaters  drained  of  water). 

FOR  OIL  MILL  REPAIRS. 

We  are  prepared  to  replace  broken  parts  of  any  machine,  to 
furnish  gears  and  do  any  repairs,  such  as  boring  out  and  over¬ 
hauling  engines,  repairing  boilers,  etc.,  etc. 


The  D.  A.  TOHPKINS  CO.,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 


Engineers  and  Contractors. 

COMPLETE  PLANTS. 

We  developed  the  plan  of  building  industrial  plants  by  com¬ 
prehensive  contracts. 

We  will  undertake  for  a  fixed  price  to  build  a  cotton  seed 
oil  mill  or  a  cotton  mill  complete. 

Or  we  will  furnish  plans  and  specifications  for  erection  of 
buildings  and  then  we  will  for  a  fixed  price  furnish  and  put  in 
complete  machinery  equipment. 

We  have  built  complete  or  furnished  equipment  for  not  less 
than  75  Cotton  Seed  Oil  Mills. 

We  have  built  complete  or  furnished  equipment  for  not  less 
than  50  Cotton  Mills. 

FIRE  PROTECTION. 

We  have  a  skilled  organization  for  putting  in  Fire  Pumps, 
cast  iron  pipe,  wrought  iron  pipe,  hydrants  and  whole  equip¬ 
ments  for  fire  protection. 

We  install  sprinkler  systems  in  manufacturing  plants,  ware¬ 
houses  and  large  commercial  establishments. 

We  do  all  these  in  accordance  with  insurance  requirements, 
and  get  rates  as  low  as  1-5  of  1  per  cent,  from  stock  com¬ 
panies  and  rates  as  low  as  1-6  of  1  per  cent,  from  the  mutuals. 

STEAM  HEATING. 

We  furnish  complete  installations  for  steam  heating  fac¬ 
tories,  offices,  schools  and  dwellings. 

PEUMBING. 

We  do  plumbing  for  cotton  mills  in  the  most  approved  and 
sanitary  manner. 

ELECTRIC  LIGHTING 

We  handle  only  the  highest  class  electric  machinery.  We 
install  it  with  all  of  the  accessories,  in  full  accordance  with 
the  latest  requirements  of  underwriters  associations. 

The  D.  A.  TOMPKINS  CO.,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 


